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[ A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z ] M Medullary Sponge Kidney: A benign condition of the kidneys caused by dilation of the microscopic renal collecting tubules. It's diagnosed by kidney X-rays (Intravenous Pyelogram or IVP) and is described as a faint, white blush on the inside of the kidney visible only on Xray. It's associated with an increased risk of stone disease but isn't otherwise dangerous. Megaloureter: A congenitally enlarged ureter without evidence of obstruction or infection. Megalourethra: Congenital dilation of the urethra. Metabolic: A term meaning pertaining to metabolism. Metabolic disorder: an inherited problem in how the body breaks down and uses certain foods. Metabolic Testing: A comprehensive package of kidney stone prevention blood and urine chemistry tests. Good commercial packages or programs are available from Laboratory Corporation of America, Mission Pharmacal, Quest Diagnostics,Urocor, Litholink and Dianon. Metabolism: 1. The sum total of all of the chemical reactions involved in living organisms. 2. Refers to the body processes involved in digesting, absorbing, and excreting human nutrients and in supplying energy for the growth and development of cells. Metastasis: The shifting of a disease or its local manifestations from one part of the body to another. Micturate: Another word for urinate or void. Micturition: Urination. "Milk Alkali" Syndrome: A condition caused by excessive oral intake of calcium containing foods and antacids. Milliliter (ml): 1 cubic centimeter or about 15 minims. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging
[ A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z ] N Natruresis: Urinary excretion of sodium. Neoplasm: An abnormal growth of tissue forming a distinct mass which may be either benign (benign or malignant) or malignant (carcinoma). Nephrectomy: Surgical removal of a kidney. Nephritis: Inflammation of the kidneys. Nephrocalcinosis: 1. A condition where one or both kidneys are full of stones located within the renal tissue. Usually associated with an underlying medical problem like Renal Tubular Acidosis. 2. Abnormal, diffuse deposition of calcium throughout the renal parenchyma, usually occurs in the renal papillae. Nephrogram: An x-ray of the kidney after intravenous injection of a radio-opaque (contrast) substance. Nephrolith: Renals calculus. Nephrolithiasis: Condition in which one or more stones is located in a kidney. Nephrolithotomy: Standard surgical procedure in which the kidney is opened and a stone is removed. Nephrologist: A medical specialist primarily in kidney problems. Nephrologists are usually involved in cases of renal failure and dialysis, but many are very interested and knowledgeable about kidney stone disease and prevention. They are not surgeons. Nephrology: The medical specialty that deals with kidney diseases. Nephrolysin: An antibody that causes destruction of the cells of the kidneys. Nephron: The microscopic functional unit of the kidney. Each kidney is made up of thousands of nephrons. Nephropathy: Any disease of the kidney. Nephropexy: Operative fixation of a floating or mobile kidney. Nephrosclerosis: Hardening of the kidney from overgrowth and contraction of the interstitial connective tissue. Nephrostomy: 1. A surgically created passage from the skin directly into the central collecting space of the kidney. Usually a tube is left in this passage to drain the urine into a bag carried outside the body. This same passage can be enlarged and used for percutaneous procedures on the kidney. 2. Creation of an opening into the renal collecting system. Nephrotomogram: Body section radiographs of the kidney, helps determine stone location. Nephrotomy: Incision into the kidneys. Nephrotomy (anatrophic): Boyce operation. An incision into the posterolateral renal parenchyma. Nephrotoxic: Pertaining to nephrotoxin. Nephrotoxin: A cytotoxin that is specific for cells of the kidney. Nephroureterectomy: Surgical removal of a kidney and its ureter. Non-opaque: Any structure that does not show up clearly on X-ray. Most calcium containing stones would be opaque and block the X-ray beam. They would appear as white spots on standard X-ray films. A non-opaque stone would allow an X- ray beam to pass through and would be very hard to see on an X-ray film. To make it visible, some type of contrast would need to surround the non-opaque structure. The area that remained dark or clear could then be seen.
[ A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z ] O Opioid: A class of strong pain medicines derived from Opium. Morphine and Codeine would be examples. Orphan Disease: Is a rare disease. Typically, orphan diseases are not well known and are not the subject for extensive research. Osteomalacia: A disease characterized by a gradual softening and bending of the bones with varying severity of pain. Osteoporosis: Condition in which the bones are weak because of loss of calcium. This often occurs in people with forced immobilization, astronauts, women after menopause and in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Usually treated with supplemental calcium and either estrogen, Fosamax, calcitonin, exercise or some combination of the above. Oxalate: 1. A chemical compound that is found in most calcium kidney stones. It binds strongly with calcium. Dietary sources of oxalate include tea, chocolate, green leafy vegetables, nuts, tomatoes and some cola soft drinks. 2. Byproduct of ascorbic acid metabolism, high urinary concentrations may precipitate Ca Ox calculi, oxalate intake and abnormal intestinal Ca++ absorption may cause calculi. Oxalic Acid: Is a crystalline substance naturally found in the body and in food. Oxalosis: Widespread deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys, bones, arterial media, and myocardium. Oxalobacter: The name of a normal bacteria of the intestinal tract that has the unique ability to digest oxalate. Currently used only experimentally, but has great potential as a future therapy for oxalate problems. Oxaluria: The excretion of abnormally large amounts of oxalates in the urine. [ A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z ]
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