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[ A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z ] E Ectopic Kidney: A kidney positioned abnormally. Edema: An accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities (swelling). Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy (EHL): A form of kidney stone fragmentation utilizing a small electric probe. A small spark is created at the tip of the probe, which is placed just next to the stone to be treated. The spark generates a small shock wave, which can fragment most stones. Usually used through some type of telescope. Endoscope: An instrument used for the examination of the interior of a canal or hollow viscus. Endoscopy: Examination of the interior of a canal or hollow viscus. Endourological Sandwich Therapy: Primary percutaneous debulking of stone followed by SWL of residual fragments, or visa versa. Endourologist: A urologist who specializes in minimally invasive surgery. Enteric: Refers to the intestines. Enterolithiasis: The presence of calculi in the intestine. Enteric Hyperoxaluria: Condition usually associated with some form of chronic diarrhea and fat malabsorption. Very high levels of urinary oxalate are produced by a lack of intestinal calcium, together with chronic diarrhea and very low urinary calcium. Enuresis: Bed wetting. Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis. Excretory Urogram (EXU): a special x-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder often used to locate kidney stones. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL): 1. Sometimes referred to as lithotripsy or SWL; This is a large machine that generates a powerful shock wave using one of several different technologies. A lithotriptor that produces shock waves, which are generated, focused and enhanced outside the patient's body (extracorporeal) to break up stones. This technology precludes the need for an incision or invasive procedure. The shock waves are transmitted into the body through water (tub, cushion) and energy is released by reflection at the surface of the stone. The absorption of this energy is the basis for the disintegrating power. Probably the most commonly used tool to fragment kidney stones today. 2. Stone disintegration from an energy source outside the body, a Dornier trademark, same as SWL.
[ A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z ] F Fascia: A band or fillet. A sheet of fibrous tissue that envelopes the body beneath the skin. Fatty Acids: Are required by the body for proper nutrition. Fatty acids are transformed by the intestines into useful nutrients. Fever: A disease in which there is an elevation of the body temperature above normal. Fat Malabsorption: Condition in which fat is not digested normally leading to chronic diarrhea and excessive oxalate absorption. Filling Defect: condition where anatomy narrows restricting flows of urine. Visualization on an intravenous pyelogram or retrograde pyelogram is seen as a narrow area, which does not permit urine flow. Fibrosis: The formation of fibrous tissue as a reparative or reactive process, as opposed to the formation of fibrous tissue that is a normal constituent of an organ or tissue. Filter: A porous substance through which a fluid is passed in order to separate it from contained particulate matter. Fistula: An abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface, or from one organ to another. Fluoroscopy: An X-ray technique where live pictures appear on a screen instead of taking a permanent picture. Used while a procedure is being done to check on progress such as trying to basket a stone. With fluoroscopy it's possible to watch the interaction between the stone and the basket. ESWL uses fluoroscopy to aim the shock waves. This imaging technique is vital for successful ureteroscopic procedure. French Size: Many medical tubes and catheters are measured by French Size. This represents the circumference in mm of the tube. The higher the number, the larger the tube.
[ A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z ] G Gastrolithiasis: The presence of one or more calculi in the stomach with the symptoms associated therewith. Genetic Marker: Is a term used to describe the location of a gene in human DNA. Location of a genetic marker is a significant step toward understanding the cause of a genetic disorder. Glomerular-Filtration Rate (GFR): the rate at which a given compound passes through the glomeruli in a given time (usually per minute). If a compound is not reabsorbed or excreted, the amount of compound found in the urine in the given time is a measure of the GFR. Glomerulus: A plexus of capillaries. Glucosuria: The urinary excretion of glucose, usually in enhanced quantities. Gout: 1. A metabolic disorder in which uric acid levels in the blood and urine are too high. A disease caused by excessively high uric acid in the blood. This high uric acid blood level will sometimes allow formation of uric acid crystals in the joints, especially at the base of the large toe. This causes intense joint pain. Can contribute to calcium and uric acid stone disease (See Gouty Diathesis). Usually treated with allopurinol when associated with kidney stones. 2. Heredity form of arthritis from uric acid crystal deposit in the joints; excess uric acid is retained in the blood; uric acid calculi may form in the kidney. Gouty Diathesis: Condition in which gout is associated with uric acid or calcium oxalate kidney stone production, usually from extremely acid urine or elevated urinary uric acid excretion. Gurney: A mobile bed with wheels designed for transport of patients in hospitals and ambulances.
[ A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z ] H Hematoma: A localized mass of extravasated blood that is relatively or completely confined within an organ or tissue. Hematuria: Condition in which urine contains blood. Hemodialysis: Dialysis of soluble substances and water from the blood by diffusion through a semipermeable membrane. Blood dialysis is an efficient method of removing oxalate. Hemoglobinuria: The presence of hemoglobin in the urine. Hepatolithiasis: The presence of calculi in the liver. Hernia: Rupture. The protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues normally containing it. Holmium: an element of the lanthanide group, symbol Ho, atomic no. 67, atomic weight 164.94. Horseshoe Kidney: Common fusion anomaly, occurs 1:600 persons, 2:1 in males, fusion of lower poles at midline, often palpable abdominally. Hydration: The addition of water. Hydronephrosis: 1. Dilation of the pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys resulting from obstruction to the flow of urine. 2. Distention of the renal pelvis and calices with urine, caused by obstruction or atrophy of urinary tract, if chronic, leads to thinning and destruction of parenchyma. Hydrophilic: Denoting the property of attracting or associating with water molecules, possessed by polar radicals or ions. Hydrophobic: Repelling water. Hydroureter: Distention of the ureter with urine, due to blockage from ay cause. Hypercalcemia: Above normal blood calcium levels. In kidney stone disease, this frequently is due to hyperparathyroidism (see below). Hypercalciuria: Excessive urinary calcium; too much calcium in the urine. Hyperoxaluria: Abnormally high urine oxalate levels; elevated levels of oxalate in the urine. Hyperparathyroidism: Uncontrolled, excessive secretion of the parathyroid glands, producing a disease characterized by loss of calcium from the bones. Often resulting in high serum calcium levels and kidney stones. Hyperplasia: An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. Hyperuricuria: Increased urinary excretion of uric acid. Hypervitaminosis D: An uncommon condition associated with kidney stones. caused by excessive or inappropriate Vitamin D intake. Hypocitraturia: low citrate levels in the urine. [ A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z ]
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